The prominent signs and symptoms of Nephrolithiasis include: Pain in the lower abdomen area Painful urination Blood in urine Cloudy urine Nausea and vomiting Frequent urination Fever Decreased amount of urineDFDAFF
Nephrolithiasis often has no specific cause. Kidney stones are generally formed when the urine contains excess of crystal-forming substances like calcium, oxalate and uric acid and lacks substances that prevent crystals from joining together. This creates a perfect environment for the formation of kidney stones.
The doctor may perform the following screening tests in order to confirm the presence of kidney stones: ... Blood tests Urine tests X-rays Ultrasound Computerized tomography (CT) scan
Kidney stones are treated on the basis of the size of stones and the underlying cause. If the stones are small, they don’t require treatment and can be passed out of the body along with the urine. However, if they are large in size, they may lead to bleeding, kidney damage or urinary tract infections and require extensive treatment. Drinking water Drinking 1.9 to 2.8 liters of water daily helps in passing the stones out of the body. Pain relievers Pain relievers like acetaminophen and ibuprofen are given to relieve the pain that is caused while passing the stones out of the body. Medication Medicines like alpha blockers relax the muscles of the ureters and help in passing the kidney stone easily. Shock wave lithotripsy Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a procedure that uses sound waves and vibrations to break up kidney stones into tiny pieces that can be passed in your urine. Surgery The doctor may opt for a surgery using small telescopes and instruments that are inserted into the patient’s back in order to remove the stones. The doctor recommends this method when the kidney stones are very large in size.
Nephrolithiasis can be prevented by drinking enough water throughout the day, eating fewer oxalate-rich foods (like spinach, sweet potato, nuts, okra and soy products) and consuming a low salt and a low protein diet.
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